Práticas e estratégias de educação ambiental aplicadas a caatinga

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze public policies and educational proposals aimed at preserving and recovering the caatinga biome in Pernambuco. Our focus was to identify, in current literature, the existing impacts in order to catalog contributions published in scientific articles that could promote the preservation of the biome under study with the intention of subsidizing environmental education actions, used by teachers and multipliers that aim at the formation of an environmentally conscious subject and local development agent. This is a qualitative research, which used the following procedures as methodological strategies: bibliographic research, document analysis and thematic analysis. The research data were organized in synoptic tables and analyzed from the established theoretical framework, focusing on the delimited thematic axes. We researched studies published in the last three years on websites of journals and scientific communities (mainly Portal de Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar) that pointed to the problem of impacts on the caatinga, in the state of Pernambuco. The keywords used were “impacts + caatinga”; “desertification”; “deforestation + caatinga”; “environmental education + caatinga”. Data were collected and updated between the years 2020 and 2022. Based on the research carried out, we selected ten scientific papers with negative environmental impacts on the biome, as well as innovative proposals aimed at mitigating these impacts. The main most recurrent environmental impacts identified in our research were: deforestation and soil degradation, due to anthropic interference, loss of biodiversity in the biome, increased runoff of water; reduction of soil carbon and microbial biomass stocks; increased air temperature and reduced evapotranspiration; contributing to the increase in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. With regard to mitigating measures to reduce these impacts, we found that environmental legislation is conducive to the development of actions that minimize recurrent impacts, as they are in line with macro structuring policies and current agendas. These are legal norms shared between these two federative entities: Union and State Government. Of the eleven scientific articles analyzed, which encourage the use of teaching strategies in environmental education aimed at the preservation and conservation of the caatinga biome, we found the presence of a focus on innovative proposals - such as the use of games, music, learning trails and games. Such studies bring relevant proposals to environmental education and management and deal with themes related to the flora and fauna of the biome, as well as environmental education practices and the use of games to foster interest and environmental awareness of the subjects. These strategies can be applied transversally to other thematic learning axes and help to raise awareness of environmental issues in the target audience (whether this is an adult or children's audience). As a research product, a booklet was elaborated with a theme related to environmental education in the caatinga biome. This product can be used as a pedagogical mediation tool capable of enriching the pedagogical and social practices relevant to environmental education in the caatinga biome