Utilização de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento na indicação de corredores ecológicos para a APA Aldeia Beberibe na Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco

Abstract

The depletion scenario in which the few fragments of the remaining Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco, reduced in quantity, dispersed and diminutive in size, are concentrated mainly in an area of 31,000 hectares that has been transformed into an Environmental Protection Area (APA) APA Aldeia Beberibe. The critical nature of the situation requires the conclusion that something must be done, not only to preserve the residual fragments, but also to extend them so that we can maintain the environmental assets they shelter, the environmental services provided and what remains from the biodiversity. The aim of the research was to develop, using technological mechanisms in the field of geoprocessing and remote sensing, Ecological Corridor projects that allow the reconnection of fragments through the reforestation of the riparian forests of springs located in the bounded territory of the APA. It was first dedicated to understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of land use and occupation (vegetation cover, water resources, anthropic activities and others) in this territory in the last 30 years, and from the structural connectivity analysis of the fragmented landscape identify areas with greater potential for reconnection of fragments that met pre-requisites physical and legal. A methodology was developed for research and development of corridors that utilized geoprocessing tools and satellite imagery of free - use platforms and the VANT - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle technology, popularly referred to as Drone. Three ecological corridor projects were constructed, one in the vicinity of an artificial dam lake and two others along local rivers, all through the reconstruction of riparian forest in the Permanent Preservation Area (APP) and interconnecting important fragments of forest in the territory studied. The methodology was validated, as well as the instruments used in the research and development of the projects through the materialization of the implantation of a reforestation around a dry spring of one of the tributaries of the Beberibe River, the Pacas River. The inclusion of the Drone in the development of the work was of fundamental importance and determined the direction of the research and especially of the methodology of work developed and presented as a product of the study. All stages of the work were sought in the development of ecological corridors supported by the concept of structural connectivity of the landscape, without the initial concern with functional connectivity. The expectation is that with a structured corridor fulfilling its role of reestablishing connectivity of scattered fragments across a range of native vegetation cover, there will eventually occur the promotion of biological connectivity and the restoration of some gene flow between the fragments, thus expanding the habitat for several species.