Concepção entre teoria e prática na formação de técnicos em enfermagem para atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the training of Nursing Technicians to work in the Unified Health System (SUS). The research covered three topics of great relevance to Brazilian society: public health, nursing, and education, according to Saviani, Ramos, Frigotto, Paim and Bahia. The SUS was established in the Federal Constitution of 1988, as a result of the sanitary movement and is configured as the largest policy of social inclusion in the country and health care with universal, equitable, integral and free access. Nursing is a professional category that is present in all processes involving health care, comprises half of health professionals in Brazil and more than 60% work in the public sector. Therefore, studying the training process of Nursing Technicians is essential to understand the role of these professionals in the SUS. The research was based on the assumption that training for the SUS requires breaking with paradigms of a biological care model, and understanding health from a perspective of comprehensive care. Above all, for an education that directs the gaze to the subjective aspects that involve the health of the individual, with guidance from professional and technological education. The general objective consisted of: Interpreting how the teaching learning process of the contents related to the fundamentals, principles and doctrinal conceptions of the SUS occurs in the Technical Course in Nursing at the Federal Institute of Pernambuco, Campus Abreu e Lima, through the development of theory and practice. This is a research with a qualitative approach in which the techniques of document analysis, application of questionnaires and semi structured interviews were used to collect data. The research protocol was approved by the research ethics committee through opinion No. 4,655,034. Five students and two professors of the Technical Nursing course participated in the research. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique according to Bardin. The findings allow us to affirm that the guiding principles of the SUS were considered in the structuring and curricular organization of the course, which considers interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinary teamwork, comprehensive care and professional practice according to the health care model in force in the country. There was wide use by teachers of teaching learning strategies through active methodologies, considered by the interviewees as a strong factor that facilitates learning. The results also pointed to a disarticulation between theory and practice in the SUS. The contributions of this work consist primarily in the assimilation of the importance of training for the SUS directed to the professional category of Nursing Technicians and, consequently, their qualification to work in public health services. The educational product resulting from this work intends to strengthen the relations between theory and practice carried out through curricular internships. It consists of study material aimed at strengthening educational practices and techniques that encourage critical reflection among professors and students for a qualified performance in the SUS