Avaliação da implementação dos programas ambientais propostos nos estudos de impactos ambientais de barragens em Pernambuco

Abstract

The discussions around the environmental issue has been a constant theme in different areas of knowledge, mainly the implementation the implementation of enterprises potentially degraders of natural resources. The Brazil, in recent years, has licensed and deployed hydraulic works of great complexity, highlighting dams that stand out for multiple use purposes. In Pernambuco only in the period of the years 2010-2015 were licensed about ten hydric projects, especially dams. Thus, the importance of institutions of regulamentation, control and environmental monitoring, become vital to the correct functioning of all stages of the environmental impact assessment, from its planning to the implementation phase of the accompaniment programs and monitoring of impacts. The present study objectives the analysis the implementation and execution of programs of tracking and monitoring programs of environmental impacts that was approved during the environmental licensing stage. For the gathering of data, was adopted as an object of study the dams of “Rio do Prata”, “Serro Azul” and “Siriji”, all implemented or being implemented, all located in the regions of “Mata Sul” or “Mata Norte” of the state of Pernambuco. The main reference documents were the Environmental Impact Study (EIA) approved by the State Environment Agency (CPRH) for the issuance of environmental licenses of the enterprises. Based on the analysis methodology developed by Silva (2013), field surveys and interviews were conducted with managers involved in the process of implementation of the enterprises, it was possible to concluded that the environmental studies present some nonconformities in its preparation, such as, lack of organization of environmental programs, absence of methodologies and rationale for implementation of programs and even absence of environmental performance indicators, as most of the analyzed criteria were not met. Regarding the implementation of environmental programs, it is emphasized that all projects failed to run programs that were proposed in the environmental studies, among them, water resource protection programs, cleaning programs of the hydraulic basin of reservoirs, protection programs and reforestation the riparian forest, prospection and exploration programs of archaeological rescue, and programs for the directly affected communities’ relocation. Noteworthy also the low quantitative of professionals that are available by entrepreneurial institutions for monitoring and management of all environmental programs, as well as the inefficiency of the State to monitor the compliance of the requirements for the environmental licensing stage. Faced with the realization of this study, it is expected that the herein indicatives of the non-conformities in the environmental licensing process that is occurring, serve as a base document in the making of public managers mainly in the planning stage to the implementation of new projects, because, the public works should act as model projects in the economic, social and environmental, in the search for a holistic, cross-sectional view of sustainable development