A implementação da ação afirmativa de cotas étnico-raciais no Ifpe: um olhar sobre a Comunidade Quilombola do Castainho

Abstract

Considering that seven years have passed since the promulgation of law no. 12.711 / 2012, better known as “Quotas Law", this research aims to understand the impacts caused by this Affirmative Action of ethnic-racial quotas on the access of the Quilombola population from Castainho to regular courses offered by IFPE (Campus Garanhuns), as well as developing two educational products (a thematic intervention and a short film) that intend to bring the Institutos Federais (IFs) closer to the remaining quilombola population and highlight these students’ life trajectories. The present work is linked to applied social research and made use of qualitative methods of data collection through bibliographical, documentary, ethnographic and action research procedures. First, a documentary analysis was carried on for an investigation of IFPE (Campus Garanhuns) students’ profiles and the numbers related to African-Brazilian population published by the IBGE, as well as the study of the acts that regulate the application of affirmative action programs in Brazil and at IFPE. Considering the context of action research, some activities were planned through a "Thematic Interaction Plan", being adjusted according to their actual needs when necessary. The research was conducted on the ninth grade of the Castainho Elementary School. In order to better identify the context in which the participants of the study are inserted, considering the importance of undocumented data on the subject, participants were interviewed through the focus group method. For the processing and analysis of the collected data, Tânia Zittoun’s "Life trajectories" technique was taken as a reference, since this procedure approaches identity processes and construction of meaning and provides a great contribution in understanding the sociocultural context of these adolescents. From this action research conducted interation, not only the construction but also the testing of the products were made possible. As a main result, it was determined that the “Quota Law” is not enough to actually include the quilombola population in the Federal Teaching Institutions. It is necessary to articulate a number of other racial equality policies to this policy, so that quilombolas can participate in these privileged spaces of knowledge. Thus, it is expected that the research outcomes may contribute to real transformations and possibilities of inclusion of Quilombola population in a quality public education system and minimize levels of inequality and sociocultural injustice.