Potencialidades e desafios das energias renováveis para o desenvolvimento sustentável: uma análise do programa de certificação de energia renovável no Brasil

Abstract

In view of the need to diversify the electricity matrix, the REC Brazil program, the Brazilian Renewable Energy Certification Program, was created to guarantee that each purchased Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is equivalent to 1 MWh of energy generated and injected into the national electricity system from renewable sources (hydro, wind, solar and biomass). Considering the need to use renewable energy sources to diversify the electric matrix, this work aimed to evaluate the extent to which the Program is promoting sustainable development, based on the analysis of its current context. For the accomplishment of this study, a research of qualitative nature and exploratory character was carried out seeking greater familiarity with the problem and to make it more explicit. A bibliographic and documentary analysis was carried out, and questionnaires were applied to those involved in the creation and management of the Program in the Country. The method used for the application of the questionnaires was qualitative research, with analysis of the Program's records, with data on generating and RECs buyers available at electronic addresses. The analysis of this material had the purpose of mapping the process and identifying its challenges and potentialities, to propose means to its incentive. It was observed in its operation that the same is promising and adds considerable value to the diversification of the country's electric matrix, with emphasis on water and wind sources that have a greater number of projects and certificates issued. It was concluded that the REC Brazil Program presents itself as an important tool to promote the increase of the competitiveness of renewable sources, and seeks the alignment with practices of strategies for sustainable development. However, this tool is not yet accessible in terms of knowledge available to all available target audiences. It is suggested as a strategy for the management of changes in the context of the Program REC Brazil, greater adaptation to the national scenario and improvement of the relations between the participants; implementation of strategies that make the Program more active and close to the target audience; partnerships and integration with other policies to encourage the diversification of the Brazilian energy matrix; expansion of process modeling throughout the program chain; and application of strategies of dissemination as an instrument of knowledge and access, directed to different types of consumers of electric energy.