Monitoramento da infestação de aedes aegypti por utilização de ovitrampas e pelo método liraa em um bairro do município de Salgueiro, Pernambuco

Abstract

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito constitute a serious global public health problem. Monitoring and control of the insect becomes an important tool to minimize these problems and the work of municipal epidemiological surveillance, in partnership with the community and the means of education, is fundamental for the success of the implementation of public policies for this purpose. The objective of this research was to evaluate the infestation of Aedes aegypti in the Santa Margarida neighborhood, located in the city of Salgueiro, Pernambuco, through the use of ovitraps, and to compare the monitoring by ovitraps with the simplified sampling method of the index infestation Ae. aegypti known as LIRAa. Additionally, create a proposal of intervention with the local community, in order to minimize the mosquito's proliferation. For this, 10 ovitraps were installed, which were georeferenced and monitored from October 2017 to October 2018, whose reeds were collected every 15 days for counting and identification of eggs. As the traps were monitored, the possible environmental factors contributing to the proliferation of Aedes were surveyed. The infestation index in the blocks was compared by the Scott-knott test, while the ovitrappa positive and egg density indexes were tested using the Pearson correlation. The period of analysis, which included dry and rainy seasons, had the Mann-Whitney test as a tool to obtain the average number of eggs. As results, 250 straws were used, collected 4,770 eggs. The total positivity index of ovitraps was 34.7% and the population density index was 19.2 eggs. The correlation between egg positivity index and egg density per ovitrampa per cycle was significant, since the Pearson correlation was 0.82. The ANOVA of the egg count values indicated different levels of infestation among the studied blocks (p = 6.41E-06) as demonstrated by the Tukey test. According to the Mann-Whitney U test, the low rainfall (u = 148.5, p = 0.1342 and Z-score = -1.56866) and high relative humidity throughout the year (u = 66 , 5, p = 0.05614 and Z-score = 1.9061) contributed to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti in the studied area. In relation to the LIRAa, Salgueiro is in an alert situation and the neighborhood is monitored at risk, representing 14.6% of the total number of outbreaks found in the municipality, showing the need to do more intense work in the region to high Aedes infestation, mainly in the period from May to June, where the number of eggs (observed in monitoring by ovitraps) and larvae (described by the LIRAa of the municipality) were higher. As a proposal for environmental education, a workshop was held with the secondary school students of the neighborhood school, who made an educational intervention in the local community, seeking to sensitize residents about the main factors that contribute to mosquito proliferation. In addition, they created comics, about the content experienced in the workshop, that have been transformed into a magazine and can be worked in the municipal schools of Salgueiro. The results of the research show that monitoring by ovitraps and the LIRAa method are complementary activities, whose joint use increases the safety and efficacy of Ae. aegypti monitoring. In addition, they point to environmental education as one more effective tool in mosquito control.