Avaliação de desempenho do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 6 - água potável e saneamento - na região Metropolitana do recife, Pernambuco

Abstract

The universalization of sanitation services, the quality and quantity of water resources have direct impacts on public health, the environment, economic and sustainable development. In order to discuss these and other issues, at the Rio +20 Conference, the 2030 Agenda negotiations culminated in 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) creating an exclusive objective to address the issue of water and sanitation, SDG 6. Given the urgency of the meeting the goals of this objective, it is also necessary to monitor its indicators at the local level. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the 14 municipalities and 8 supply reservoirs of the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR) in light of SDG 6, between 2010 and 2020. Seeking to achieve this end, the indicators of population proportion that uses safely managed drinking water services (6.1.1); proportion of population using safely managed sewage services (6.2.1); proportion of wastewater treated safely (6.3.1); proportion of water bodies with good water quality (6.3.2) and level of water stress (6.4.2) were calculated according to the methodology adapted from the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA) and the achievement of SDG 6 targets evaluated according to according to the terminology of the Luz Report (2021). Indicator 6.1.1 presented the best results among those studied, however, no municipality in the RMR showed satisfactory progress for indicators related to sewage collection and treatment (indicator 6.2.1 and 6.3.1). According to indicator 6.3.2, frequent non-compliance with CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 was observed and in most reservoirs the water stress represented by indicator 6.4.2 was very high in all years of the study, confirming the level of water insecurity in the region. The first three indicators (6.1.1, 6.2.1 and 6.3.1), in which the municipalities of the RMR were used as a territorial base, were submitted to Saaty's Hierarchical Process Analysis (1980), Weighted Linear Combination (CLP) and map algebra in ArcGIS Pro 2.6 software, resulting in a synthesis map where it was possible to identify 97% of the RMR territory with insufficient progress to reach the goals of SDG 6. As for the last two indicators (6.3.2 and 6.4.2 ), in which the RMR reservoirs were used as a territorial base, only the Weighted Linear Combination (CLP) was carried out and the Tapacurá reservoir was obtained as the one that presented the worst performance to achieve the goals of SDG 6. From the research, interactive panels (Dashboards) were created, which offered an effective visualization of the performance of each of the SDG 6 indicators studied in the RMR.