Análise das ocorrencias de eventos hidrológicos extremos e ações de adaptação nos municípios da Região Metropolitana do Recife - Pernambuco

Abstract

Climate change provides the occurrence of disasters, especially in places with irregular occupations, often bringing irreversible effects. Given this scenario, this research had as main objective to analyze the occurrences of extreme hydrological events and adaptation actions in the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR) of Pernambuco, based on the Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) of the 2030 Agenda of the UN (2015), which deals with Actions Against Global Climate Change. In this sense, official data were collected regarding the performance of the 14 municipalities of the RMR in relation to target 13.1 of SDG 13, with their respective indicators 13.1.1 (number of deaths, missing persons and people directly affected attributed to disasters per 100 thousand inhabitants) and 13.1.3 (proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies). The RMR comprises 14 municipalities: Abreu e Lima, Araçoiaba, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Camaragibe, Igarassu, Ilha de Itamaracá, Ipojuca, Itapissuma, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Moreno, Olinda, Paulista, Recife and São Lourenço da Mata, covering a area of ​​2,764.26 km². The methodological procedures adopted consisted of a primary survey based on technical visits to the study area and secondary information acquired on the websites of official agencies belonging to the federal, state and municipal spheres, such as: IBGE, EMBRAPA, MDR, APAC, CPRH and municipal governments. Subsequently, the data were tabulated in a spreadsheet, with the help of Excel 2016 software, and analyzed together. For the preparation of thematic maps, vector, raster and surface data (Digital Surface Model) were downloaded from official websites, corresponding to the environmental conditions of the municipalities belonging to the RMR, and, subsequently, the data were processed in the QGIS software. 3.16. From the data obtained, it was possible to identify the effects of climate change associated with the occurrence of extreme hydrological events in the analyzed area to prepare the performance matrix of the municipalities in relation to the Index on Sustainability Levels, highlighting that among the fourteen municipalities studied, 35, 71% were classified as threatened, namely: Araçoiaba, Camaragibe, Ilha de Itamaracá, Itapissuma and Ipojuca. Already 28.58% reached the index identified as stagnant, and at this level of sustainability are the municipalities of Abreu e Lima, Igarassu, Moreno and Olinda. While 35.71% were classified as insufficient progress, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Paulista, Recife and São Lourenço da Mata fall within this level. However, it is noteworthy that none reached the level categorized as satisfactory progress. Therefore, in view of the scenario found, the importance of implementing strategic actions is highlighted, such as: updating, elaboration and effective implementation of planning instruments; implementation of social technologies; creation of a law for payment for services via a drainage fee and urban water management; and a discount on the IPTU payment to owners who include in their construction projects a green area rate higher than that determined in the Master Plan and construction of a green roof, aiming to promote adaptation to climate change, with a focus mainly on areas susceptible to events extreme hydrological.