Monitoramento ambiental dos resíduos de radiossondagem em ambientes insulares e protegidos. Estudo de caso: arquipélago Fernando de Noronha - PE

Abstract

A radiosounding is a technique used to capture meteorological data from the upper air layer. From radio electric devices and sensors that go up into the atmosphere sustained by balloons, multiple weather information (temperature, pressure, humidity, direction and speed of winds) are collected and sent to a station in soil. Several public and private organizations make the radiosounding. In the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), is realized in the Altitude Meteorological Station (EMA), installed in the Brazilian Airspace Control System (SISCEAB), which aims to collect, process and disseminate information. One of the stations operated by the Brazilian Air Force is located on the main island of the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. So, as the objective of this study is to monitor the waste of radiosonde in insular and protected environments, in order to preserve and conserve the assets and the legally recognized resources, the island was chosen to be the case study. A total of 200 probe files were analyzed among the years 2010-2014. The secondary data were collected by the Posting of Airspace Control of Fernando de Noronha (DTCEAFN), were tabulated and designed in thematic maps and graphics. The proposal of this action was to understand and demonstrate the spatial distribution of balloons overflow position, about the surrounding conservation units of the launch base (the Environmental Protection Area and National Marine Park). The results showed that, in function of the Brazilian Air Force only consider the geographic coordinates of weather balloons until the burst in the atmosphere (which was given in the height of more than 20 km in 88% of analyzed cases), becomes difficult to define the fall location of the residual charge, because the trajectory followed by the flight is linked to several factors, including the intensity and direction of winds (nonuniform behavior parameters in atmospheric layers). However, in this research, it was observed that is needed an adjustment in the launch of radiosondes in the archipelago, thus, will allow the mapping of the location of the residual fall and, therefore, predict the implications in the arising protected the implications in a protected natural environment. With regard to externalities that the flight ensemble residues (rubber, plastic, nylon, batteries, electronics, etc.) may provoke, when they fall into the ocean in the species chosen for analysis, was perceived, by means of the interaction of matrix impacts that, turtles, sharks and birds are most susceptible to its adverse effects. Thus, based on the study conducted, some suggestions for improvement for the activity were presented. The expectation is to make it more secure, predictable and sustainable from an environmental point of view, so that it can be used as a reference model for other oceanic islands that perform launching weather balloons in similar conditions