Análise da abordagem socioambiental de Enfermeiros e Agentes de Combate às endemias na prevenção e controle da dengue no Distrito Sanitário V de Recife – Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the dengue prevention and control strategies developed by nurses and Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control Agents (ASACEs) in Family Health Units of Health District V in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, considering the socio-environmental context, professional practices, and the integration between teams. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted in three phases. The first phase consisted of the analysis of official documents and scientific literature regarding the socio-environmental scenario and dengue control strategies in the territory. The second phase involved the application of structured questionnaires to nurses and ASACEs in order to investigate their knowledge, professional practices, and perceptions regarding dengue control. In the third phase, an educational technology was developed, providing practical guidelines for the implementation of Aedes aegypti vector control actions. The results demonstrated that socio-environmental factors, such as inadequate basic sanitation, improper solid waste disposal, and low community participation, are directly associated with the proliferation of the dengue vector. It was also observed that the municipality of Recife adopts an integrated approach to arbovirus control, based on the articulation between epidemiological surveillance, environmental surveillance, vector control, community mobilization, and healthcare services. This approach contributes to strengthening health promotion, prevention, and protection actions, aligning with the principles of the 2030 Agenda, particularly Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which seeks to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The findings also revealed that the professionals possess a satisfactory level of technical knowledge and carry out relevant actions within the territory, particularly the activities developed by ASACEs. However, weaknesses were identified in the integration between Health Surveillance and Primary Health Care, as well as in the systematization of actions among nurses and in aspects related to continuing education. It is concluded that effective dengue control requires strengthening interprofessional integration, continuing education, and the implementation of intersectoral strategies that take into account the socio-environmental determinants present in the territory. In this context, the educational technology developed as the technical product of this research represents an important contribution to strengthening dengue prevention and control actions, serving as a potential tool to enhance professional practices, promote health education, and support the strategies implemented within the territory.