Utilização de resídios de tijolos cerâmicos na fabricação de tijolos sustentáveis

Abstract

The construction industry is part of an extremely important context, as it is one of the main activities for economic and social development, on the other hand, it is a major cause of environmental impacts, from the extraction of raw materials, including the depletion of natural resources to the final destination, not always environmentally correct, of the waste generated by the activity. The simple disposal of these defective parts in landfills generates removal costs and environmental impacts, as well as the waste of a material that contains its inherent physical and mechanical properties. In view of the above, the study in question aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using ceramic block waste (RBC), from the disposal of ceramic blocks/bricks as a replacement for conventional fine aggregate (sand) for the production of solid sealing blocks for masonry without structural purposes, characterizing it as sustainable brick, as well as blocks for internal paving in popular housing, and the mortar itself for use in subfloors or masonry. For the manufacture of these blocks, the technical feasibility of using ceramic waste as a partial replacement for the natural fine aggregate (sand) was experimentally studied, in order to bet on an alternative solution for the destination and use of these wastes. For the development of the research, 30 specimens were molded, divided into Families F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 with percentages of 0%, 50% and 100% replacement of the residue from the ceramic block by the fine aggregate (sand). The F1 family is the reference, therefore, without replacement, whereas in the F2 and F3 families, sand was replaced by RBC in the proportions of 50% and 100%, respectively, with the addition of metakaolin, and in the F4 and F5 families, the same proportions (50% and 100%) without the addition of metakaolin. For all traces, compressive strength, water absorption and elastic modulus tests were carried out. The study showed that the replacement content of 50% in the F2 Family showed better results, and it was noted that the use of ceramic residue in the manufacture of solid blocks increases the compressive strength compared to the trace where there was no replacement, considering the hypotheses and conditions worked in this study. It is concluded that it is possible to guarantee a resistant, sustainable material by reusing the ceramic block waste as fine aggregate, and with that, the use of conventional aggregate is minimized, consequently reducing the cost of the final material