AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL POLUIDOR DE EFLUENTES DE PANIFICADORAS DA RPA6 DA CIDADE DO RECIFE, PERNAMBUCO

Abstract

The bakery industry stands out for being among the largest businesses in the food sector, in addition to significantly driving the world economy. Despite being a branch of activity that has existed for more than 4000 years BC, it has been evolving and adapting to new market demands. Brazil has a great influence of immigrants, both Italian and Portuguese. However, despite their importance, bakeries also generate negative environmental impacts, such as the generation of effluents. The sewage generated by the processes is considered difficult to treat, due to the high organic load and the presence of fats. Considering that there are more than 70 thousand bakeries in Brazil and 1796 units in the State of Pernambuco, with 1295 active bakeries in the city of Recife, the main objective of this work is to analyze the polluting potential of effluents from bakery industries in Administrative Political Region 6 (RPA6) of Recife to carry out the analysis and subsequent extrapolation of effluent generation to assess the Municipality's polluting potential. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic and documentary survey, 7 bakeries with medium/large size characteristics were selected according to the use of the Access EmpresAqui database application, one of which was defined as Pilot Bakery (PB), considering that it had a compact station of effluent treatment using an anaerobic filter. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied and the effluent generation capacity was estimated, based on the theoretical volume of effluents calculated from the average monthly water consumption. To characterize the effluents generated at PB, two monthly collections of pre- and post-treatment effluents were carried out in a treatment station with an anaerobic filter, for a period of 150 days. The parameters temperature, pH, turbidity, oils and greases, BOD, COD, E. coli, settleable solids and dissolved oxygen were evaluated. The parameters Total Ammonia Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Surfactant Removal (LAS) were also evaluated pre and post treatment for a period of 90 days. The extrapolation of the volume of effluents generated to assess the polluting potential in the city of Recife was based on the number of active bakeries in the city versus the average volume of effluents generated, taking into account only bakeries classified with the same size as the companies analyzed. It was possible to conclude that the PB treatment plant is efficient in reducing organic load, in addition to oils and greases, significantly reducing negative environmental impacts arising from these parameters. However, it is recommended to include a tertiary treatment stage to seek to improve Nitrogen and Phosphorus indicators. And, finally, it is important to take into account that this type of enterprise generates a high volume of effluents, and it is necessary to implement environmental control actions, with the aim of mitigating impacts and improving the quality of the environment for society