Desenvolvimento de índice de avaliação de serviços ecossistêmicos e ambiental aplicado a unidades de conservação

Abstract

Environmental management by Brazilian municipalities has been a major challenge for managers, considering the pressures exerted by the growth dynamics of urban centers, and above all, by the new demands of society that require an alignment of public management to environmental sustainability strategies. at a local and global level. Among these challenges is the conservation of the remaining green areas of the Atlantic Forest, the predominant phytogeographic domain of these forest remnants in the city. In the case of the municipality of Recife, the nature conservation units (UCN) can be listed as protected areas regulated by law, which mention the importance of their maintenance to promote the protection of biodiversity and the well-being of human beings. . However, defining which areas need greater investments, which aspects need to be prioritized and how many resources need to be directed to achieve these objectives demand a detailed diagnosis that can point direction. In this context, the present study aims to propose the Ecosystem and Environmental Service Assessment Index (IASEA) as an environmental analysis tool that proposes to carry out the diagnosis of the state of conservation units through the provision of ecosystem services, as well as as the situational analysis of the areas in face of the risks and impacts of the anthropic activities. To this end, the NCUs with the greatest predominance of the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domain in the municipality were defined and an extensive bibliographic research and qualitative and quantitative data collection were carried out so that indicators such as canopy, avifauna water sources, presence of ZEIS, irregular logging, necessary for the formation of the six indices and the final index, the IASEA. Finally, it is possible to conclude that as a result, the analyzed NCUs obtained evaluations that varied between “regular” (ARIE Dois Unidos, Curado, Mata do Barro, Mata das Nascentes, Matas do Curado and APA Sítio dos Pintos), “bad” ( ARIE Açude de Apipucos), “good” (ARIE Mata da Várzea and Beberibe), only one NCU presented “excellent” results (ARIE Dois Irmãos). It is important to highlight that the scores achieved for the sub- indices that make up the IASEA can be analyzed individually and in more depth, providing more accurate data from these units, which can contribute to different directions of plans, projects and actions by public management in favor of conservation of urban protected areas