Avaliação da viabilidade da inclusão da bacia de evapotranspiração para tratamento de esgoto sanitário no IFPE – Campus Recife

Abstract

The celerity of the phenomenon of urbanization in Brazil, in the last decades, culminated in the impacts resulting from urban disorganization. Thus, the sanitary infrastructure presents a significant deficit with regard to the collection and treatment of sanitary effluents, especially in peri-urban and rural communities. Therefore, effective environmental management is necessary, which also requires the elaboration and execution of innovative sanitary sewage projects. Since the current sanitary sewage system of the Instituto Federal de Pernambuco (IFPE) - Campus Recife, is obsolete, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing an alternative effluent treatment system to replace such a system, with the use of sustainable system composed of Wetland of Evapotranspiration (BET) and Anaerobic Filter. The Evapotranspiration Basin is an innovative system, also known as the banana pit, filled with different layers of substrate and receiving chamber, where microbial degradation of organic matter, use of nutrients, reduction of pathogens and reduction of the amount of sludge occurs. Another benefit of BET is the use of recyclable materials in its construction, such as rubble and tires. The study methodology followed the normative prescriptions of NBR 8160/1999 – Sanitary sewage building systems - Design and execution; NBR 7229/1997 – Design, construction and operation of septic tank systems; of NBR 13969/1997 - Septic tanks - Complementary treatment units and final disposal of liquid effluents - Design, construction and operation, as well as a review of the scientific literature for the design and construction parameters. In order to verify the economic viability of the proposed system, its budget was carried out and a subsequent comparative analysis of the costs obtained in relation to the quotations of three companies specialized in the manufacture of Compact Stations for Effluent Treatment. It was verified that the sustainable system can be completed in a period of 3 (three) months and spends an average total cost of R$ R$ 339.056,96 (Three hundred and thirty-nine thousand fifty-six reais and ninety-six cents), the which represents a savings of 60% when compared to the implementation costs of budgeted compact systems. It is worth noting that in addition to the aforementioned costs, the operation of the compact system requires electrical energy and frequent maintenance, factors that attribute greater cost in the medium and long term. It is concluded that the BET system is sustainable and represents a viable alternative for the treatment of sanitary effluents in the aforementioned Institute, which can also provide subsidies for the engagement of interdisciplinary studies in the various courses offered by the IFPE - Campus Recife, in addition to encouraging the dissemination of the applicability of sustainable technologies.