MONITORAMENTO FLORESTAL REMOTO EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO POR MEIO DO ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA (NDVI) COM BASE NO ESTUDO DE CASO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL MATA DO ZUMBI-PE

Abstract

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a method based on arithmetic operation between remote sensor bands. This vegetation index is used on a large scale in various environmental studies, such as the analysis of deforestation and variation in vegetation growth. Belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome, the Mata do Zumbi State Park Conservation Unit is located on the coast of the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho-PE and has been suffering constant anthropic actions. The general objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the possibility of using remote forest monitoring in Conservation Units, through the NDVI, for the urban and environmental control sectors of the city of Cabense, based on the case study of Mata do Zumbi, in Landsat 8 satellite images in the years 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The methodology used was based on the characterization of the Conservation Unit, assessment of the degree of human pressure on the Mata do Zumbi; in the temporal definition of the images for the monitoring of the studied UC; and in collecting and processing orbital data through QGIS software version 3.16 Hannover. The scene that recorded the lowest minimum index value both inside and around the UC was on 2017-02-13 with 0.38 and 0.24, respectively. The scene that presented the highest maximum value of NDVI in the interior of Mata do Zumbi was that of 11-18-2019 with 0.82 and this same value was recorded as the highest maximum value of the index in the surroundings in the scenes of 07-12-2013, 05-23-2018, and 11-18-2019. The Land Use and Occupancy data inside the UC showed that there was a reduction in exposed soil/water (14.95%), Undergrowth (46.66%), Shrub vegetation (54.05%) and Tree vegetation (44.08%), with an increase in the shrub-tree transition (11.40%). In the surroundings of Mata do Zumbi there was a reduction in exposed soil/water (6.60%), Transition between shrub and tree vegetation (5.66%) and Tree vegetation (25.12%), with an increase in Vegetation classes (27.34%) and Shrub vegetation (21.93%). The result of the NDVI as a tool for the management and remote monitoring of anthropic actions, both in the surroundings and inside the UC Mata do Zumbi, proved to be positive as support in planning actions to combat deforestation for protected natural spaces.