Uso de contenção física em pessoas idosas no ambiente clínico hospitalar: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: the use of physical restraint in elderly individuals can be considered, in many circumstances, a violation of human rights, as it causes suffering, isolation, and worsens their health status in the hospital setting. Objective: to map the scientific evidence on physical restraint applied to elderly individuals in the hospital environment. Method: a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Studies from the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases were included, with complementary searches in Google Scholar and a list of references. Results: the sample resulted in 37 studies, categorized into six categories: factors associated with the use of physical restraint; adverse effects and clinical outcomes; organizational influence, nursing practice, and patterns of use; interventions and strategies for reducing restraint; experiences, perceptions, and subjective implications; and principles, guidelines, and best practices. Methodological gaps and limitations were identified. Conclusion: Physical restraint in hospitalized elderly patients is influenced by clinical, adverse, functional, and organizational factors, which directly impact the patient's physical and emotional health. Although strategies aimed at reducing restraint exist, weaknesses remain in care protocols, conceptual standardization, and support technologies, particularly regarding non-restrictive measures.