Desenvolvimento do sistemas de informações geográficas para monitoramento da desertificação e extremos climáticos no estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

The climatic scenario in Brazil has caused an increase in temperature and changes in the distribution of climatic extremes, such as droughts, and floods. The environmental and population vulnerability studies related to this theme are in constant development. Geotechnologies are of great importance for environmental studies, since they allow the acquisition and analysis of information on land use, vegetation cover and natural phenomena. In the present study, remote sensing techniques were used through the digital processing of images acquired in the years 2000 to 2015 of the LANDSAT satellites of three municipalities of Pernambuco to observe the vegetation cover and the use of the soil in said temporal space in order to verify degraded areas possibly resulting from the desertification process in the region. Thus, socio-environmental and health vulnerability was studied in the municipalities, aiming at adapting the population related to the desertification process in the State of Pernambuco. The methodological development was based on the Human Vulnerability Indexes (Índice de Vulnerabilidade Humana - IVH), which includes information on environmental, climatic, demographic, social and population health components. The current vulnerability, represented by the General Vulnerability Index (Índice de Vulnerabilidade Geral - IVG), was higher in the municipality of Floresta and lower in the municipalities of Betânia and Itacuruba, which have the same vulnerability. Therefore, based on the association of environmental, social, environmental and pedological aspects to the projected climatic scenarios, the IVH, calculated for the two climatic scenarios, showed a high vulnerability of the human population in the municipality of Floresta compared to the municipalities of Betânia and Itacuruba, which have the same average vulnerability. Thus, even the municipalities exhibiting better indexes of exposure and adaptive capacity, these regions presented high sensitivity indexes, have areas with soil sensitive to the processes of desertification and depend heavily on agriculture. Thus, climate anomalies will impact livelihoods and the economy of these areas