Viabilidade econômica da utilização de Bess em sistemas de minigeração distribuída fotovoltaica: uma análise na área de concessão da Neoenergia Pernambuco

Abstract

In this study, the economic feasibility of different Solar Photovoltaic Distributed Generation solutions applied to an industrial Consumer Unit, under tariff subgroup A4, within the Neoenergia Pernambuco concession area, in the city of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, was evaluated. Three scenarios were compared: energy supply during Off-Peak Hours (HFP), full energy supply using only the Photovoltaic System, and full supply with the integration of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The study utilized financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), and Discounted Payback, with a 30- year analysis horizon. The methodology involved modeling the consumer unit based on data provided by the Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) and the sizing of the PV and BESS solutions. The financial analysis considered the application of batteries for load shifting (Energy Time-shift), reducing costs during Peak Hours (HP). Comparisons were made between the scenarios based on investment costs (CAPEX) and the savings generated in the energy bills for the three proposed solutions. The results showed that all solutions are financially viable when compared to the Minimum Attractive Rates (MARR), which refer to the profitability of investment securities in the national financial market. The Off-Peak Hours scenario presented the best results in terms of IRR, MIRR, and Discounted Payback, standing out as the most attractive option for quick returns. The full supply scenario showed the highest NPV, being a viable alternative, with the other indicators showing values similar to the Off-Peak Hours solution. The use of BESS caused the financial indicators to differ from the other two proposed solutions, as its impact on the bill resembles that of the PV system in offsetting total consumption, though with a higher cost. The conclusion of the study highlights the importance of choosing an investment strategy based on the objectives, consumer profile, and tariff conditions of the consuming unit, which vary according to the electricity distributor. In the simulated scenarios, it was found that, although the BESS presents positive financial indicators, none of the evaluated indicators were superior to the solutions that did not consider its implementation. Finally, it is understood that the proposed solution with BESS should present greater viability for consumer units located in distribution companies with higher Distribution System Use Charges (TUSD) during peak hours, or where its application is directed towards peak shaving and other implementation technologies