Georreferenciamento e análise espacial dos casos notificados de HIV, AIDS em Arcoverde-PE nos diferentes contextos da pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: The epidemiological scenario of HIV/AIDS demands surveillance strategies that consider territorial complexity for the planning of effective public policies. Given the potential changes in epidemiological patterns resulting from the COVID-19 crisis, this study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of reported HIV/AIDS cases in the municipality of Arcoverde-PE during the pre-pandemic (2018-2019), emergency pandemic (2020-2021), and post-emergency (2022-2023) periods, correlating the notifications with the neighborhoods and the location of the Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento e Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (CTA/SAE). Methods: This is an ecological, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative approach, which utilized secondary data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) and geoprocessing techniques in the QGIS software for the creation of thematic maps. The final sample was census-based, consisting of 102 notifications that included the record of the neighborhood of residence. Results: A predominance of the male sex was identified across all timeframes, representing 71.87% of notifications in the pre-pandemic period, 78.94% in the emergency pandemic period, and reaching 81.25% in the post-emergency period, showcasing a continuous trend of masculinization. The 20 to 39 age group concentrated the highest proportion of cases, accounting for 78.12% in the pre-pandemic period, 76.31% in the emergency pandemic period, and decreasing to 53.12% in the post-emergency period. Spatially, it was found that the distribution is not homogeneous, with 44.12% of the cases concentrated in the São Cristóvão neighborhood and 10.78% in the Centro, where the specialized health service is located. Contrary to the national outlook, the municipality recorded an increase in notifications during the pandemic. Conclusion: The dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Arcoverde are influenced by social and territorial determinants that transcend physical proximity to the health service, consolidating georeferencing as a fundamental strategic tool for management, surveillance, and the planning of equitable actions within the municipal territory.