Aspectos ambientais do setor imobiliário: Uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

The growing quest to minimize environmental damage to ecosystems is a challenge faced by society in different parts of the world and increases every day in the face of the current climate change scenario. Faced with this problem, the present study adopted real estate developments as a focus for reviewing the topic, as they are partly responsible for the environmental degradation of different natural systems and their resources. Thus, the guiding principles of the bibliographical research were: understanding how the real estate sector affects the environment, covering the stages from construction to demolition; what can be done to reduce the impact of properties on the environment; describe how environmental factors and their conditions reflect on real estate value; and about the importance of the Environmental Management System. It was found that the real estate sector is largely responsible for global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and soil, water and air pollution, with the variation in percentages resulting from the real estate development of each country and the nature of the project. The construction phase has the greatest impact on the environment, due to the quantity and types of raw materials used (sand, stones, gravel, metals and wood); and in the generation of waste there is the demolition phase. Alternatives to minimize impacts range from simpler processes (recycling and reuse of resources) to smart buildings. Finally, the environmental management system can represent an important tool to assist in this impasse between real estate development and reduction of environmental damage, as long as it respects the legal requirements for air quality, water effluent limits and other natural resources present in different areas ecosystems.