Análise da qualidade de energia em sistemas fotovoltaicos para inversores com diferentes carregamentos

Abstract

This work analyzes power quality in grid-connected photovoltaic systems, focusing on the impact of the Inverter Sizing Factor (FDI) and harmonic distortions generated under different operational conditions. Two photovoltaic inverters of model PHB3000-SS and two energy analyzers of model MINIPA ET-5051C were used to measure voltage, current, and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of current in four power configurations: 3.06 kWp; 4.08 kWp; 2.04 kWp; and 1.53 kWp. The results demonstrated that operations below 50% of the inverter's nominal power significantly increase harmonic distortions, exceeding the 5% limits established by the NBR 16149 standard, mainly during periods of low irradiance (early morning and late afternoon). Furthermore, FDI proved to be critical for the system's efficiency: undersized inverters generated clipping losses, while oversized ones increased costs without significant gains. It is concluded that adequate inverter sizing, combined with continuous monitoring of operating conditions, is essential to ensure regulatory compliance, stability, and energy efficiency in photovoltaic systems.