Estudo das diferenças entre as áreas protegidas no Brasil e em Portugal

Abstract

Protected areas are of utmost importance for the conservation of natural habitats. Maintaining areas of relevant ecological interest preserved are indispensable for the maintenance of ecosystem services, for climate regulation, for soil protection, for geological stability, for the preservation of water resources, for the maintenance of biodiversity as well as for the flow of water. fauna and flora, as well as ensuring the well-being of human populations. In this context, the present study presents a comparative analysis between protected areas (PAs) in Brazil and Portugal, addressing the history of creation of the first PAs in the world and the international classification that guide countries in their classifications. The methodological steps involved the gathering of secondary information and specific legislation through the literature review. Protected area management indicators were identified as: PA Coverage Index indicator in Major Biodiversity Areas, PA Effectiveness and Management Indicator, PA Connectivity Index Indicator. Consultation was made in official databases such as: The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Ministry of Environment (MMA) and the Institute for Conservation of Nature and Forests (ICNF). Subsequently, performance and levels of effectiveness in PA management were analyzed. Then, the SWOT analysis was performed, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Brazilian and Portuguese PA scenario. As a result, a compilation of PA legislation in the countries under study was obtained, focusing on their creations. An analysis of the differences of PAs created in Brazil and Portugal was performed with an evaluation of the effectiveness and management of these preserved spaces where 61.33% of Brazilian PAs and 48.74% of Portuguese PAs do not have efficient management. PA management tools were identified in Brazil, which are territorial management tools such as Ecological Corridors, PA management tools such as Ramsar sites and management plans that are Conservation Unit management tools, in particular. Portugal are the Planning Plans. Also, as results were identified which PA management indicators are used in the study countries in order to express the performance in the PA management and maintenance process as the Protected Areas indicators, the Classified Areas for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity indicator, and the Forest Fires indicator. Finally, a Swot analysis was carried out to establish clear strategies for the conservation challenges of protected areas in the presented scenarios, pointing out that the matrix collaborates logically for the conservation of natural environments and for listing the main aspects and specific characteristics that should be considered to define the conservation strategies to be implemented in the most different protected areas. Finally, it can be concluded that PAs in Brazil need effective management and management that can actually contain the progress of deforestation, mainly due to external factors by which there is no way to control as governmental issues, legislative changes. Already in Portugal, the planning plans are effective, although they can not contain recent and constant forest fires, mostly in PA, as well as real estate speculations that are due to ecotourism in areas of relevant ecological interest, making it difficult the ordering in AP.