Estudo preliminar para seleção de tecnologia no tratamento de esgoto sanitário

Abstract

Since the earliest historical records to the present day, a solid evolution in wastewater treatment has been observed. Factors such as the need to reduce the area for system implementation, minimize costs, optimization of results, adaptation to constant changes in legislation. The objective of this paper is to present the main technologies in the treatment of wastewater present in the current scenario, classifying them in two methods: conventional and alternative. Each technology was contextualized in order to clarify its characteristics, mode of operation / layout, advantages, disadvantages and possible impacts caused to the environment with the application of each system. From the material presented, it was possible to identify general and technical parameters that are primordial for decision making regarding the technology selection and to relate the eight technologies addressed in the study. Questions about the economic and social benefits provided by the universalization of basic sanitation services were also raised. This paper was developed through the accomplishment of bibliographical research, articles, theses and application of semistructured questionnaires. Thus, at the end of the study, the results obtained through the analysis of each technology and other inquiries indicate that there is no standard treatment for any type of effluent and that the decision must be made based on the suitability of the technology with the situation, and must meet general, technical and social parameters.