Governança das águas nas bacias hidrográficas dos rios una e Ipojuca, em Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

Equity and efficiency in the use of water resources must be considered today, given their multiple uses and growing demand, often compromising the quality and quantity of water in river basins in different regions of Brazil. In terms of water availability in Brazil, in the Northeast there is a large water deficit. The state of Pernambuco has 66% of its territory in areas susceptible to desertification and thus, it becomes increasingly important to deepen studies on water governance in its hydrographic basins. In this context, the objective of the present study was to assess water governance in the hydrographic basins of Una and Ipojuca rivers, located in Pernambuco, based on the application of sustainable development indicators and the correlation with Sustainable Development Objective 6 (SDGs) 6) of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations (UN). The methodological steps were based on the survey of secondary information, with consultation in official databases, with the listing of indicators used in water resource master plans, for the years 2010 and 2018. The selected indicators were, Agricultural Expansion Water Quality, Gross Domestic Product per capita, Demographic Microregional Dynamics (DMD), FIRJAN Municipal Development Index, Population Served by Water Distribution, Population Served by Sewer Collection, Water Loss Index in Distribution. Then, the correlation was made with the goals and indicators proposed in SDG: Ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. The data obtained for the studied indicators were tabulated and analyzed, allowing the elaboration of thematic maps. From the results obtained, it was found that despite the economic indicators GDP per capita and Firjan Index showing growth for the vast majority of municipalities in both basins, in the studied years, it was found that the water quality presented quite compromised, thus requiring high demand for sewage services to meet the growing demographic micro-regional dynamics. However, Agricultural Expansion had a considerable increase in the planted area, despite the water scarcity faced by the region due to severe droughts between the years 2012 to 2016, which on the other hand shows a recovery between the studied years and the growing water demand in the municipalities. Finally, it is concluded that the indicators are of paramount importance to contribute to water governance in river basins over time, allowing a connection of information at the local level with the global panorama under the 2030 agenda.