Poluição eletromagnética e seus impactos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente : uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the impacts of electromagnetic pollution on human health and the environment, considering the increasing population exposure to artificial electromagnetic fields resulting from the expansion of wireless technologies and digital connectivity. This study is characterized as a systematic literature review with a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, based on scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and CAPES Journals. The research followed the methodological recommendations of the PRISMA protocol, allowing the selection and critical analysis of the most relevant studies on the subject. The results showed that part of the scientific literature suggests possible associations between prolonged exposure to radiofrequency radiation and biological alterations related to sleep disorders, neurocognitive symptoms, cellular oxidative stress, and potential reproductive effects. In the environmental context, the reviewed studies indicate possible impacts on fauna, biodiversity, pollinating insects, and aquatic ecosystems, although methodological limitations still prevent definitive conclusions. The findings also revealed growing scientific concern regarding the need to update regulations, strengthen public policies, and expand research focused on electromagnetic safety. It is concluded that technological advancement must occur responsibly, sustainably, and in accordance with the principles of scientific precaution, environmental protection, and preservation of public health.