Saneamento básico e saúde pública: uma análise dos impactos socioeconômicos sob a ótica dos princípios ESG

Abstract

This case study analyzes the socioeconomic impacts of the deficiency of basic sanitation in the municipality of Igarassu-PE under the perspective of the ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) principles. The objective is to evaluate the effects of the deficiency of basic sanitation in the municipalities of Igarassu-PE, in light of the ESG principles. The applied methodology has a qualitative and quantitative approach, grounded in documentary research and analysis of secondary data obtained from public bases and scientific articles. The results point to a critical scenario, with only 4.4% of sewage network coverage and 35.3% of the population without full access to treated water. This reality is reflected in 267 hospitalizations for water-borne diseases between 2023 and 2025, generating direct costs of approximately R$350 thousand to the Unified Health System (SUS) in the municipality. Under the ESG panorama, the analysis reveals failures in the environmental dimension by the compromise of the quality of natural resources and the local environmental balance, in the social by the responsibility of health and equity, and in governance by the absence of a consolidated Municipal Sanitation Plan. It is concluded that there is a need to update and strengthen public sanitation policies, with actions more comprehensive than those set forth in the Pernambuco Sanitation Plan, since sanitation in Igarassu represents a strategic challenge for sustainable development, with direct impacts on public health, social equity, and the population’s quality of life. The study also highlights the importance of guiding future actions aimed at reducing negative impacts on environmental health, based on existing indicators and on improving the targets established by the National Information System on Sanitation and Solid Waste Management (SINISA) and the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA) in the state of Pernambuco.