Diagnóstico do descarte de medicamentos e suas consequências socioambientais na população brasileira

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the consumption and disposal of medicines by the Brazilian population, as well as to identify the main socio-environmental consequences resulting from the improper disposal of such waste. The Sustainable Development Goals were also addressed, highlighting health, water, and responsible consumption in tackling the inadequate disposal of medicines. The study sought to understand the factors that contribute to incorrect disposal, such as self-medication, lack of information, and insufficient public policies aimed at raising social awareness. Methodologically, this is basic research with a mixed approach—both qualitative and quantitative—of an exploratory nature, developed through bibliographic research. Scientific articles, legislation, statistical data, and documents from governmental and institutional agencies were analyzed. The results showed that Brazil has a high level of medicine consumption, ranking among the top ten pharmaceutical markets in the world, and that a large portion of the population improperly disposes of expired or unused medicines, mainly in household waste and sewage systems. These practices lead to negative impacts on the environment and public health, such as feminization of males, masculinization of females, and hermaphroditism in wildlife, in addition to increasing the incidence of breast cancer in humans. It was concluded that, despite the existence of specific regulations and legislation, there are still shortcomings in the dissemination of information and in the implementation of educational actions. Therefore, joint efforts by public authorities, the private sector, and society are necessary to promote the rational use of medicines and environmentally appropriate disposal.