Reciclagem de Painéis Fotovoltaicos: uma visão geral sobre métodos e legislações a respeito do tema

Abstract

With the exponential growth of photovoltaic systems, one of the main global challenges is the management of waste resulting from the disposal of modules at the end of their useful life, estimated to be between 20 and 25 years. The proper disposal of this waste is essential to minimize environmental impacts, recover high-value materials and reduce production costs, promoting the transition to a model based on the circular economy. In this context, this article aims to present the main data and guidelines for the construction of a solid and sustainable recycling market, aligned with international best practices and the principles of the circular economy. The main technologies for recycling photovoltaic panels are analyzed, with an emphasis on mechanical, chemical and thermal processes, detailing their applications, advantages, limitations and development prospects. In addition, the paper discusses the international regulatory scenario, highlighting the gap that exists in Brazil regarding the formulation of specific public policies for the sector. In short, the transition to a fully circular economy in the photovoltaic sector requires not only technological advancement in recycling processes, but also the creation of a robust regulatory framework and coordinated engagement between government, industry, academia and society.