Projeto térmico-mecânico de uma caldeira flamotubular aplicada à indústria têxtil do interior de Pernambuco

Abstract

The textile sector has been extensively explored in the country's industrial centers. The Brazilian Clothing Association (ABRAVEST) identified Brazil as the fourth largest producer in this sector, representing 2.9%. In the state of Pernambuco, more precisely in the Agreste region, the textile manufacturing industry is already considered the main industrial activity in this region. One of the main thermo-mechanical components, which are essential in the textile production process, is the steam boiler. In this context, in 2014 an energy audit was carried out on the steam boiler of a company, and the need to produce 4,000 kg of steam per hour was verified, with a working pressure of 10 kgf / cm². Therefore, it is proposed in this work to carry out the thermodynamic and dimensional design of a boiler that meets the needs of the aforementioned company. In the applied methodology, initially, the aim is to structure the problem by conducting preliminary research on existing solutions and their principles and, finally, to develop the project. After a historical analysis of the boilers and Regulatory Norms, the main types of boilers found were aquotubular, flamotubular and mixed. Since flamotubulars are the most used in the region because they adapt better to the type of fuel used (firewood), this was chosen in the project. By the Laws of Thermodynamics, it was possible to design a boiler with thermal efficiency around 81.07% with the aid of an economizer and also specify the material and thickness of the plates and piping according to the loads loaded.