Densidade do solo e resistência à penetração de um argissolo sob diferentes usos

Abstract

Soil compaction interferes with the physical, chemical and biological properties of the environment, affecting all phases of plant development, from germination to root and aerial growth of plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate soil compaction through its density and resistance to penetration in an Ultisol subjected to different uses. The areas selected for study are located in a quilombola community of Engenho Siqueira, located in the municipality of Rio Formoso-PE. Four areas with different uses were selected: area 1: agroforestry system 1 (SAF-1); area 2: agroforestry system 2 (SAF-2); area 3: conventional corn cultivation; area 4: fallow land. In each management system, four simple samples were collected at a depth of 0.00 - 0.20 m and 0.20 - 0.40 m, totaling 32 simple samples. The resistance to root penetration in the soil (RP) was determined using an impact penetrometer to a depth of 60 cm. The pressures of the rear and front wheels in the soil were determined using the soilflex software. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the means compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability using the SAS statistical program. The agroforestry system (SAF-2) presented lower soil density as well as greater total porosity and better conservation of soil moisture. The pressure of the agricultural tractor in the soil under corn, at a depth of 20 cm, generated a dissipation of 55% of the pressure initially applied to the soil surface.