Contribuições de Gramsci e Freire à formação humana integral: reflexões sobre o Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional

Abstract

This master's research work sought to discuss the conceptions of human formation, adopted in integrated high school courses with the professionalizing, adopted at the Federal Institute of Technological Education of Pernambuco. References in the writings of Marx and Gramsci were found in several documents of this institute, in which the category work in evidence and autonomy in Paulo Freire appears. So, trying to understand these facts, we analyzed opinions of students from the last periods of the Integrated Technical course in Buildings, campus Recife, from Federal Institute of Pernambuco. Most of the theoretical assumptions adopted in this study occurred with the rich production of Antônio Gramsci, mainly in relation to the dual and classist character of the school, work as an educational principle and the role of the educating State. Other intellectuals also related to gramscian theory approach the discussion in relation to Youth, Integrated High School to Professional Education and the Integrated Curriculum. In the methodological course, we conducted a qualitative research using questionnaires with teachers and students and also with interviews, specifically with students. In the results, in relation to teachers, we can affirm that in some circumstances, contributions to integral education are observed, however, in several others, we observe postures of maintenance mechanistic attitudes. We also mention a small continuing formation. In relation to students, we can affirm that understanding about the world of work is generally quite restricted. We also perceive, in part, the little relationship between general and professional education. After analyzing the theoretical categories, mainly in the relation theory and practice and conception of the world of work, the distance of a dialectical praxis in pedagogical works was evidenced. Finally, this work produced a booklet as an educational product, which aims to support the understanding of teachers from Federal Institutes, to be worked mainly in schools