Análise comparativa da avaliação de impactos ambientais na instalação de parques eólicos no Brasil e Portugal

Abstract

The concern with the depletion of natural resources, the generation of waste, environmental degradation, climate change, carbon emissions and the energy crisis, has led countries to invest in technological alternatives for the production of electricity, in line with the tripod of sustainable development. (economic, social and environmental), emerging in this scenario wind energy, being considered as a low carbon technological alternative. However, like any human activity, the generation of wind energy produces environmental impacts, and it is in this sense that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is inserted as a fundamental process for assessing the environmental feasibility of wind farms. Brazil and Portugal are references in wind production in South America and Europe, respectively. That said, the objective of this work was “To carry out a comparative analysis between the Environmental Impact Assessment models for Wind Farms used in Brazil and Portugal”. This is a qualitative research, which used bibliographic and documentary research in scientific literature and official data from national governments. Therefore, the Environmental Impact Assessment models of both countries were analyzed, in Brazil through the Term of Reference for Wind Projects established by CONAMA Resolution nº 462/14 and in Portugal the Guide for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms published by the Portuguese Environment Agency. Among the results obtained, it is possible to mention, for example: the identification of the EIA linked to the environmental licensing process in both countries; in Brazil, environmental licensing is carried out by a competent body established by law, while in Portugal the process is more fragmented and decentralized, undergoing more than one analysis; Brazil has a concise evaluation methodology and Portugal has a series of methodologies for each aspect evaluated, among others. It is concluded that both countries have legally established environmental assessment measures, even though Portugal is more bureaucratic than Brazil in relation to the flow of processes.